September 20, 2012 — NASA's space shuttle Endeavour has returned to its birthplace.
The youngest of the space agency's orbiters, Endeavour, flying piggyback atop NASA's modified Boeing 747 Shuttle Carrier Aircraft (SCA), landed Thursday (Sept. 20) at the Dryden Flight Research Center at Edwards Air Force Base in California. The 12:52 p.m. PDT (3:52 p.m. EDT; 1952 GMT) touch down completed the third leg of the shuttle's ferry flight to Los Angeles, where it is destined for display at the California Science Center (CSC).
Dryden, which served as the primary West Coast landing site for the space shuttles as they returned from orbit, was also the initial departure point for the winged orbiters after they were assembled at a nearby plant in Palmdale, Calif. Endeavour, which was built in the wake of the 1986 loss of shuttle Challenger, left Dryden on its first ferry flight to Florida in May 1991.
Endeavour lifted off on its first mission, STS-49, one year later in May 1992. Twenty-five (25) missions later, it made one last landing in June 2011 at NASA's Kennedy Space Center on the same Florida runway where it took to the air Wednesday for its delivery to Los Angeles.
Tribute tour
Endeavour's ferry flight route to Los Angeles International Airport (LAX), where it is set to land on Friday (Sept. 21) by 12 noon PDT (3 p.m. EDT; 1900 GMT), first brought it to Houston, where it landed Wednesday at Ellington Field near NASA's Johnson Space Center. The overnight stay was one of several flyovers and stopovers NASA and the CSC planned to pay tribute to the space agency's shuttle workforce.
Space shuttle Endeavour, atop NASA's Shuttle Carrier Aircraft, is seen from a chase plane as the air- and spacecraft duo turn into a flyover of NASA's Johnson Space Center in Houston. (NASA) |
In addition to circling over the Kennedy Space Center as it first departed, Endeavour, mounted on the SCA, flew over Stennis Space Center and the Michoud Assembly Facility on its way Texas. The centers tested the shuttle engines and built the large external fuel tanks, respectively.
On Thursday, Endeavour and the SCA left Ellington Field at 7:03 a.m. CDT (8:03 a.m. EDT; 1213 GMT) and flew over Johnson Space Center before heading for a low pass over Austin near the Texas State Capitol building. The jet and shuttle duo then continued to Biggs Army Air Field in El Paso, landing at 8:12 a.m. MDT (10:12 a.m. EDT; 1412 GMT) to refuel.
Taking off from Biggs at 11:00 a.m. MDT (1:00 p.m. EDT; 1700 GMT), Endeavour and the SCA then made low-level flybys of White Sands Missile Range and NASA's White Sands Test Facility near Las Cruces, New Mexico, as well as flew over Tucson, Arizona en route to California.
Space shuttle Endeavour, atop NASA's Shuttle Carrier Aircraft, is seen from the air flying over Johnson Space Center. (NASA) |
White Sands serviced the space shuttle thrusters between flights, as well as was the landing site for one early shuttle mission. The Tucson flyover was made at the request of Endeavour's final mission commander, Mark Kelly, whose wife, former Arizona congresswoman Gabrielle Giffords, survived a gunman's attack in 2011.
Endeavour then arrived at Dryden, where it will spend the night before departing to complete its cross-country trip on Friday morning.
California adventure
Endeavour's final flight on top of the SCA will take it on a scenic tour over northern California before soaring above many Los Angeles landmarks on its way to LAX.
Scheduled for a sunrise takeoff from Dryden, Endeavour will first salute its birthplace with a flyover of the cities of Palmdale and Lancaster, as well as the nearby towns of Rosamond and Mojave, before heading to Sacramento.
The air- and spacecraft combo are expected to fly over the California State Capitol Building and then visit the San Francisco Bay Area. Endeavour and the SCA will then fly low over NASA's Ames Research Center, Vandenberg Air Force Base and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), prior to circling Los Angeles.
While over L.A., Endeavour and the SCA are expected to visit Disneyland, the Getty Museum, Griffith Observatory, the Queen Mary in Long Beach, Santa Monica Pier and Universal Studios. The ferry flight will also pass over the Boeing plant in Seal Beach and SpaceX headquarters in Hawthorne, where commercial crewed spacecraft planned to replace the shuttle taking astronauts to low Earth orbit are being designed and built.
Finally, between 11:00 a.m. and noon PDT (2-3 p.m. EDT; 1800-1900 GMT), the SCA will bring Endeavour in to LAX for its last ever landing, where a ceremony will welcome the shuttle's arrival.
Later on Friday evening, shuttle engineers will get to work hoisting Endeavour off the jetliner and onto an overland transporter, for its two-day, 12-mile (19 kilometer) road trip to the science center, Oct. 12-13. The CSC plans to open its new Samuel Oschin Space Shuttle Endeavour Display Pavilion on Oct. 30.
See shuttles.collectspace.com for continuing coverage of the delivery and display of NASA's retired space shuttles.
